基于控制单元的水环境容量核算研究——以锦江流域为例

水环境容量核算是流域水环境容量总量分配的重要依据，关系到流域水质目标的实现。控制单元作为流域水环境管理的一个基本实施单位，以其为基础开展水环境容量核算，对于科学制定控制单元容量总量分配具有重要意义。以江西省锦江流域为例，根据水环境容量核算的基本原理，结合锦江流域的污染状况、水质现状和水环境功能区划，对流域各控制单元COD和氨氮的水环境容量进行分析，结果表明，控制单元的水环境容量与其内排污口的分布及功能区水质目标密切相关，COD的水环境容量以高安控制单元的最大，为 21 811 t/a；其次为上宜控制单元，为 21 168 t/a；再次为新丰控制单元，为 14 493 t/a；万载控制单元的最小，为 7 607 t/a。氨氮的水环境容量在各控制单元的分布特征与COD的略有不同，以上宜控制单元的最大，为790 t/a；其次为高安控制单元，为664 t/a；再次为新丰控制单元，为462 t/a；万载控制单元的最小，为303 t/a     

基于神经网络方法的城市空气质量日报技术

运用神经网络方法,将城市空气质量状况与大气污染物对空气质量的损害程度相关联,采用了"基于大气污染损害率的API法"评价概念,模拟发布长春市空气质量日报,同时公布次要污染物,并与API法进行同时段比对实验与综合分析。     

A contextual framework for understanding good practice in integrated catchment management

Principles of good practice for collaborative resource management were derived from the literature and their use studied in a range of integrated catchment management processes. Desk-based reviews and interviews with participants allowed the principles to be refined and described within a framework that illustrates the interrelationships between core principles, enabling principles, precursors to a project and the influence of external factors on such collaborative processes. The findings illustrate the importance of these relationships in understanding how success is defined and under what conditions successful outcomes can be achieved. Understanding how these procedural aspects influence outcomes contributes to the wider literature on collaborative resource management that often treats processes separately from their context.     

事故灾难成因再认识——脆弱性研究

在分析比较国内外相关研究基础上,提出了脆弱性是事故灾难基本成因的观点,认为把脆弱性作为致灾主要因素有助于加深对各类灾害本质的理论认识和对实践的指导。阐述了脆弱性概念、来源和分类,进一步探讨了综合脆弱性的计算模型和评估运行模式,提出了在事故灾难应急准备工作中加强脆弱性的识别、评估和减控的建议。     

Estimating willingness to pay for a threatened species within a threatened ecosystem

This study conducts a choice experiment to determine the willingness to pay for Palouse Prairie conservation. The giant Palouse earthworm (Driloleirus americanus), a rare species endemic to the Palouse region, is included as an attribute of conservation and serves as a method for determining the willingness to pay for protecting the species. This method evaluates the value of the earthworm as an attribute of an overall willingness to pay for threatened ecosystem preservation rather than a direct willingness to pay for protecting the species. This method is expected to yield a more accurate measure of willingness to pay for rare species. The annual willingness to pay per household for the giant Palouse earthworm is $20.45 based on the conditional logit model and $19.30 based on the mixed logit model. Ranking and relative importance are included as methods for representing a non-monetary value and importance of the giant Palouse earthworm.     

上海市近年来大气环境质量变化趋势分析

为了解上海市大气环境的状况,为进一步制定改善上海市大气环境质量的具体措施提出相关的参考建议,本文在查阅大量文献资料基础上,总结了上海市自2000年至2007年共8年大气环境质量现状分析,统计分析了主要污染物的变化特征,通过对相关环保措施、政府政策等方面资料的引用和分析,讨论了上海市大气环境质量变化的影响因素。分析结果表明:上海市连续三轮的"环保三年行动计划"的实施使上海市大气环境质量逐渐好转,大气污染情况逐步减轻,但由于产业结构调整带来的大气环境压力以及社会快速发展的压力,使得上海市治理大气环境污染的任务仍然艰巨。酸雨已经成为上海市大气环境的突出重要问题。     

基于复杂系统的民族地区非常规突发事件应急管理研究

民族地区非常规突发事件属罕见非常规突发事件,是典型的复杂系统。传统的应急管理模式不能适应这类具有非线性复杂系统特征的罕见非常规突发事件的应急管理需求。因此,应该将民族地区的各类民族因素和社会特征作为民族地区非常规突发事件应急管理研究的基础变量,并进行复杂性分析,进而构建民族地区非常规突发事件演化规律的可视化仿真模型,然后在PeMS(平行应急管理系统)的基础上实现对该类突发事件应急管理机制的评估、反馈与改进。     

等离子气化技术在垃圾处理中的应用

等离子气化技术已经在国外成功应用多年,其用于解决日益增多的垃圾问题,可将废物转化成有用的资源。本文介绍了等离子气化技术的优点、经济性,以及其在垃圾处理中的应用。     

Stewardship among lifestyle oriented rural landowners

Changes in landownership associated with amenity migration are affecting the demographic, cadastral and ecological conditions of rural landscapes. These changes and concerns about their impacts on natural resource management, including ecological conservation, relate to both the structural consequences of landownership change, land subdivision and to the motivations, management ability and attitudes of lifestyle oriented rural landowners. Based on an Australian case study near Sydney, NSW, this paper examines the motivations and practices of such landowners, assesses potential consequences for vegetation and characterises the landowners according to three stewardship types.     

企业安全生产信息管理系统构建研究

针对我国目前安全生产信息化建设和安全生产现状,论述我国安全生产信息化建设所取得的进展及存在的主要问题,提出安全生产管理信息系统建立的基础、程序及系统设置框架,并将安全生产管理信息系统的框架分为数据层、技术层、业务层、接口层4个层次,针对每一层次功能设定进行分析。最后认为:构建安全信息系统时,需客观分析企业安全管理现状,评估构建安全信息系统的目标的合理性,逐步完善企业安全信息系统,从而为企业预防事故发生,提高企业安全生产管理水平提供重要手段。